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Reference material for implementation. Not every standard applies to every product.

Rules that outlast products · reference

A technology checklist for the next stage.

Products come and go. Shared definitions, exchange formats, and governance decide whether records survive a vendor change, a handover, or an audit. Each entry answers one project question. A standard existing never proves any vendor follows it.

Design and handover records

  • Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)

    Require IFC 4.3 deliverables with model-view and property validation

    Open exchange of BIM lifecycle data across authoring and FM tools

    Limit · Valid IFC may still omit operational properties or lose relationships

    Official record ↗ISO 16739-1:2024 / IFC 4.3
  • Information Delivery Specification (IDS)

    Attach IDS to every design procurement construction and handover gate

    Machine-readable information requirements and automated IFC validation

    Limit · Validates declared model content not physical truth; poor requirements remain valid

    Official record ↗Final v1.0 (2024)
  • BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)

    Make issues first-class records linked to IFC GUIDs and evidence

    Portable model issue and clash coordination without proprietary model files

    Limit · Issue layer is not full document/change control; test API versus file support

    Official record ↗File and REST API standard
  • buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bSDD)

    Use URIs and versioned API mappings plus JCX Bangladesh extension

    Stable multilingual classes properties values and relations for built environment terms

    Limit · Content/API versions change; cache terms and never rely on unversioned identifier URLs

    Official record ↗Live API/service with versioned dictionaries
  • open Common Data Environment APIs

    Require API export/import and document/issue archive from CDE vendors

    Cross-platform document issue and data-environment exchange

    Limit · Vendor CDE may claim compatibility without full round-trip semantics

    Official record ↗API family (documents foundation BCF bSDD)
  • ISO 19650 information management

    Create OIR AIR PIR EIR BEP CDE status and responsibility matrix

    Defines information requirements roles workflows approvals status and security across asset lifecycle

    Limit · Certification can become paperwork unless linked to decisions and tests

    Official record ↗Parts 1-6; Part 5:2020; Part 6:2025
  • ISO 19650-5 security-minded BIM

    Classify and restrict security drawings tenant data and critical-system information

    Sensitivity triage and security-minded management of sensitive information

    Limit · Does not replace ISO 27001/OT controls or local law

    Official record ↗2020 confirmed 2025
  • ISO 23386 property dictionary methodology

    Run a JCX dictionary commission with definitions units mappings and versions

    Rules roles and governance for properties in interconnected data dictionaries

    Limit · Defines method not content; governance effort remains with JCX

    Official record ↗2020 confirmed 2025
  • ISO 23387 data templates

    Template equipment products spaces handover and environmental data

    Machine-interpretable object data templates across asset lifecycle

    Limit · Templates require actual domain content and product data adoption

    Official record ↗2025 second edition

Buildings, assets, and tenants

  • OSCRE Industry Data Model

    Map leases units parties investments procurement and portfolio data to OSCRE

    Common enterprise real-estate investment occupier lease vocabulary and schemas

    Limit · Do not force enterprise model into IFC geometry; access and version terms apply

    Official record ↗130+ use cases public description; current home references 150+
  • ISO 55000 asset management

    Connect asset condition risk lifecycle cost service level and sustainability to decisions

    Value-aligned lifecycle asset-management vocabulary principles outcomes and maturity

    Limit · Framework does not itself provide a software schema

  • ISO 55001 asset management system

    Use as governance target for lifecycle maintenance and capital planning

    Requirements for an asset-management system and continual improvement

    Limit · Certification costs and process overhead; not a digital-twin model

    Official record ↗2024 second edition
  • ISO 41001 facility management

    Link work orders services SLAs occupants and asset outcomes

    FM management-system requirements and service alignment

    Limit · Management system not a point/telemetry ontology

    Official record ↗2018 plus 2024 amendment
  • Brick Schema

    Evaluate as canonical operations graph for cross-building analytics

    Semantic graph of building assets systems spaces equipment points and relationships

    Limit · Modeling effort and ontology crosswalks required; not enterprise lease/BIM model

    Official record ↗Open-source current documentation
  • Project Haystack

    Ingest Haystack and normalize to JCX with tag/profile validation

    Pragmatic tags file types ontology and HTTP API for building IoT data

    Limit · Tag ambiguity and vendor profiles can impair automated reasoning

    Official record ↗Open-source current stack
  • RealEstateCore

    Use as candidate crosswalk between property and operations concepts

    Modular ontology for property ownership inhabitants technical systems sensors and events

    Limit · Pin version and test implementations; avoid mixing REC versions

    Official record ↗Public repository; REC v5 branch updated 2026
  • Digital Twins Definition Language

    Use as a projection with neutral JSON-LD/JSON Schema/RDF export

    JSON-LD model language for twin interfaces properties components and relations

    Limit · Cloud/runtime lock-in and version migration; not neutral property system

    Official record ↗DTDL v2/v3 supported by Azure Digital Twins

Controls, maps, and sensors

  • BACnet building automation protocol

    Require BACnet/IP or BACnet/SC gateway and BTL evidence where practical

    Vendor-independent building automation communication for HVAC lighting access elevators security and fire

    Limit · Protocol interoperability does not guarantee semantic point mapping or cyber safety

    Official record ↗ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2024; ISO/EN ISO 16484-5
  • Modbus

    Use segmented read-only gateway and persist register maps scaling units and quality

    Simple device/register communication and TLS/X509 security option

    Limit · No native semantics; legacy serial and unsafe internet exposure are risks

    Official record ↗Application Protocol V1.1b3; Modbus Security
  • Matter

    Use selectively for resident devices with commissioning and offboarding

    IPv6 application-layer interoperability for smart-home devices

    Limit · Version/device-category support and consumer lifecycle; not HVAC/fire/elevator standard

    Official record ↗Specification versions evolve; 1.3 source cited
  • OGC API Features

    Use for spatial search/query and partner exchange preserving CRS

    Feature-level REST/OpenAPI access to parcels buildings roads permits and amenities

    Limit · Core read scope and implementation parts differ; test CRS/filter/write behavior

    Official record ↗Part 1 1.0/1.0.1 corrigendum plus parts
  • OGC SensorThings API

    Expose interoperable sensor observations when useful and preserve quality/time

    Unified geospatial Web API for sensor observations metadata and tasking

    Limit · High-volume time series and control authorization need separate architecture

    Official record ↗Part 1 v1.1; Tasking Part 2 v1.0
  • OGC CityGML/CityJSON

    Link district context and parcels to IFC building/project IDs

    3D city-model exchange for planning BIM navigation disaster energy and urban twins

    Limit · 3D geometry complexity and version/encoding conversion can lose semantics

    Official record ↗CityGML 3.0; CityJSON related encoding

Carbon, climate, and certification

  • GHG Protocol Corporate and Scope 3

    Store activity data factor source period boundary estimation and assurance

    Boundaries and categories for corporate/value-chain GHG inventories

    Limit · Scope boundary choices can double count; not a property data model

    Official record ↗Corporate and Scope 3 standards
  • RICS Whole Life Carbon Assessment

    Link BIM quantities EPDs procurement operations maintenance and end-of-life

    Consistent embodied operational and user carbon assessment and deviation reporting

    Limit · Area basis boundaries factors and deviations must be aligned before comparing

    Official record ↗2nd edition effective 2024-07-01
  • CRREM Pathways and Risk Assessment

    Version pathway factors occupancy area and assumptions in every result

    Country/property pathways for energy/carbon intensity and misalignment year

    Limit · Pathways update; primarily operational/in-use and not embodied carbon

    Official record ↗2026 Library v2.05 and June 2026 methodology
  • GRESB Real Estate Assessment

    Store raw evidence and project GRESB as reporting projection

    Investor-driven benchmark for management performance development and sustainability evidence

    Limit · Score is not canonical data or proof of technical performance; weights evolve

    Official record ↗2026 Standard; future roadmap consultation
  • WiredScore/SmartScore

    Store certificate scheme version scope date evidence and expiry

    External certification of digital connectivity and smart-building capability

    Limit · Certification not network topology, data quality or cyber assurance

    Official record ↗Current schemes require verification
  • ISO 14001 environmental management

    Connect environmental objectives evidence corrective actions and operational data

    Environmental management system and continual improvement

    Limit · EMS certification is not a carbon calculation or building-performance guarantee

    Official record ↗2026 fourth edition

Security, privacy, and AI rules

  • ISO/IEC 27001 information security

    Use for corporate/CDE/cloud supplier controls and audit evidence

    Confidentiality integrity availability risk management and ISMS controls

    Limit · Certification does not guarantee OT safety or correct implementation

    Official record ↗2022 current edition
  • NIST Cybersecurity Framework

    Create current/target profiles for IT CDE BMS/OT and vendors

    Govern Identify Protect Detect Respond Recover governance and risk profiles

    Limit · Framework is outcome-oriented; map controls to actual implementation

  • IEC 62443 industrial automation security

    Use for BMS/PLC gateway segmentation and vendor responsibilities

    OT zones systems components and supplier security requirements

    Limit · Choose exact parts and security levels; do not claim compliance generically

    Official record ↗Current series; verify part/edition for procurement
  • ISO/IEC 42001 AI management system

    Create AI inventory risk classification impact assessment logs and human oversight

    Organization-wide AI policies risk transparency accountability and continual improvement

    Limit · Management certification is not model accuracy or fairness proof

    Official record ↗2023 published; ISO 42005:2025 impact assessment adjacent
  • NIST AI Risk Management Framework

    Use for tenant screening maintenance analytics worker/camera and GenAI release gates

    Voluntary trustworthy AI risk management across design/deploy/use/evaluation

    Limit · Current framework revision means pin version and record mappings

    Official record ↗AI RMF 1.0 (2023); revision/profile work ongoing
  • EU Artificial Intelligence Act

    Use as a high-bar reference for EU customers/data and sensitive decisions

    Risk-based legal obligations for AI placed on/used in EU market

    Limit · Legal applicability is fact-specific; obtain counsel and track implementing rules

    Official record ↗Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 in force
  • Bangladesh Personal Data Protection Ordinance

    Minimize identity data separate marketing/tenant/visitor/CCTV and define retention/access

    National privacy/data-protection obligations and rights

    Limit · Legal status and implementing rules can change; do not treat summary as legal advice

    Official record ↗2025 ordinance; verify amendments/current text
  • Bangladesh National Data Governance Ordinance

    Use data inventory provenance classification stewardship and interoperable exports

    National data governance interoperability lifecycle transparency and accountability

    Limit · Confirm applicability/authority and amendments before implementation

    Official record ↗2025 ordinance in official laws portal
  • Bangladesh National Digital Architecture standards

    Support Unicode Bangla/English OGC GIS and practical DB/API exports

    Guidance for data architecture Unicode DBMS GIS GML catalogue and KML

    Limit · Public-sector requirements may not map directly to private developer; verify latest edition

    Official record ↗Govt framework v2.0 published 2022

Provenance: who said what, when

  • W3C PROV-O/PROV-DM

    Attach source document hash extraction method reviewer and supersession to every claim/measure

    Interoperable model for entities activities agents and derivation of data

    Limit · Provenance does not prove truth; capture evidence and validation separately

    Official record ↗Recommendations