Reference material for implementation. Not every standard applies to every product.
Rules that outlast products · reference
A technology checklist for the next stage.
Products come and go. Shared definitions, exchange formats, and governance decide whether records survive a vendor change, a handover, or an audit. Each entry answers one project question. A standard existing never proves any vendor follows it.
Design and handover records
Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
Require IFC 4.3 deliverables with model-view and property validation
Open exchange of BIM lifecycle data across authoring and FM tools
Limit · Valid IFC may still omit operational properties or lose relationships
Official record ↗ISO 16739-1:2024 / IFC 4.3Information Delivery Specification (IDS)
Attach IDS to every design procurement construction and handover gate
Machine-readable information requirements and automated IFC validation
Limit · Validates declared model content not physical truth; poor requirements remain valid
Official record ↗Final v1.0 (2024)BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
Make issues first-class records linked to IFC GUIDs and evidence
Portable model issue and clash coordination without proprietary model files
Limit · Issue layer is not full document/change control; test API versus file support
Official record ↗File and REST API standardbuildingSMART Data Dictionary (bSDD)
Use URIs and versioned API mappings plus JCX Bangladesh extension
Stable multilingual classes properties values and relations for built environment terms
Limit · Content/API versions change; cache terms and never rely on unversioned identifier URLs
Official record ↗Live API/service with versioned dictionariesopen Common Data Environment APIs
Require API export/import and document/issue archive from CDE vendors
Cross-platform document issue and data-environment exchange
Limit · Vendor CDE may claim compatibility without full round-trip semantics
Official record ↗API family (documents foundation BCF bSDD)ISO 19650 information management
Create OIR AIR PIR EIR BEP CDE status and responsibility matrix
Defines information requirements roles workflows approvals status and security across asset lifecycle
Limit · Certification can become paperwork unless linked to decisions and tests
Official record ↗Parts 1-6; Part 5:2020; Part 6:2025ISO 19650-5 security-minded BIM
Classify and restrict security drawings tenant data and critical-system information
Sensitivity triage and security-minded management of sensitive information
Limit · Does not replace ISO 27001/OT controls or local law
Official record ↗2020 confirmed 2025ISO 23386 property dictionary methodology
Run a JCX dictionary commission with definitions units mappings and versions
Rules roles and governance for properties in interconnected data dictionaries
Limit · Defines method not content; governance effort remains with JCX
Official record ↗2020 confirmed 2025ISO 23387 data templates
Template equipment products spaces handover and environmental data
Machine-interpretable object data templates across asset lifecycle
Limit · Templates require actual domain content and product data adoption
Official record ↗2025 second edition
Buildings, assets, and tenants
OSCRE Industry Data Model
Map leases units parties investments procurement and portfolio data to OSCRE
Common enterprise real-estate investment occupier lease vocabulary and schemas
Limit · Do not force enterprise model into IFC geometry; access and version terms apply
Official record ↗130+ use cases public description; current home references 150+ISO 55000 asset management
Connect asset condition risk lifecycle cost service level and sustainability to decisions
Value-aligned lifecycle asset-management vocabulary principles outcomes and maturity
Limit · Framework does not itself provide a software schema
Official record ↗2024 editionISO 55001 asset management system
Use as governance target for lifecycle maintenance and capital planning
Requirements for an asset-management system and continual improvement
Limit · Certification costs and process overhead; not a digital-twin model
Official record ↗2024 second editionISO 41001 facility management
Link work orders services SLAs occupants and asset outcomes
FM management-system requirements and service alignment
Limit · Management system not a point/telemetry ontology
Official record ↗2018 plus 2024 amendmentBrick Schema
Evaluate as canonical operations graph for cross-building analytics
Semantic graph of building assets systems spaces equipment points and relationships
Limit · Modeling effort and ontology crosswalks required; not enterprise lease/BIM model
Official record ↗Open-source current documentationProject Haystack
Ingest Haystack and normalize to JCX with tag/profile validation
Pragmatic tags file types ontology and HTTP API for building IoT data
Limit · Tag ambiguity and vendor profiles can impair automated reasoning
Official record ↗Open-source current stackRealEstateCore
Use as candidate crosswalk between property and operations concepts
Modular ontology for property ownership inhabitants technical systems sensors and events
Limit · Pin version and test implementations; avoid mixing REC versions
Official record ↗Public repository; REC v5 branch updated 2026Digital Twins Definition Language
Use as a projection with neutral JSON-LD/JSON Schema/RDF export
JSON-LD model language for twin interfaces properties components and relations
Limit · Cloud/runtime lock-in and version migration; not neutral property system
Official record ↗DTDL v2/v3 supported by Azure Digital Twins
Controls, maps, and sensors
BACnet building automation protocol
Require BACnet/IP or BACnet/SC gateway and BTL evidence where practical
Vendor-independent building automation communication for HVAC lighting access elevators security and fire
Limit · Protocol interoperability does not guarantee semantic point mapping or cyber safety
Official record ↗ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2024; ISO/EN ISO 16484-5Modbus
Use segmented read-only gateway and persist register maps scaling units and quality
Simple device/register communication and TLS/X509 security option
Limit · No native semantics; legacy serial and unsafe internet exposure are risks
Official record ↗Application Protocol V1.1b3; Modbus SecurityMatter
Use selectively for resident devices with commissioning and offboarding
IPv6 application-layer interoperability for smart-home devices
Limit · Version/device-category support and consumer lifecycle; not HVAC/fire/elevator standard
Official record ↗Specification versions evolve; 1.3 source citedOGC API Features
Use for spatial search/query and partner exchange preserving CRS
Feature-level REST/OpenAPI access to parcels buildings roads permits and amenities
Limit · Core read scope and implementation parts differ; test CRS/filter/write behavior
Official record ↗Part 1 1.0/1.0.1 corrigendum plus partsOGC SensorThings API
Expose interoperable sensor observations when useful and preserve quality/time
Unified geospatial Web API for sensor observations metadata and tasking
Limit · High-volume time series and control authorization need separate architecture
Official record ↗Part 1 v1.1; Tasking Part 2 v1.0OGC CityGML/CityJSON
Link district context and parcels to IFC building/project IDs
3D city-model exchange for planning BIM navigation disaster energy and urban twins
Limit · 3D geometry complexity and version/encoding conversion can lose semantics
Official record ↗CityGML 3.0; CityJSON related encoding
Carbon, climate, and certification
GHG Protocol Corporate and Scope 3
Store activity data factor source period boundary estimation and assurance
Boundaries and categories for corporate/value-chain GHG inventories
Limit · Scope boundary choices can double count; not a property data model
Official record ↗Corporate and Scope 3 standardsRICS Whole Life Carbon Assessment
Link BIM quantities EPDs procurement operations maintenance and end-of-life
Consistent embodied operational and user carbon assessment and deviation reporting
Limit · Area basis boundaries factors and deviations must be aligned before comparing
Official record ↗2nd edition effective 2024-07-01CRREM Pathways and Risk Assessment
Version pathway factors occupancy area and assumptions in every result
Country/property pathways for energy/carbon intensity and misalignment year
Limit · Pathways update; primarily operational/in-use and not embodied carbon
Official record ↗2026 Library v2.05 and June 2026 methodologyGRESB Real Estate Assessment
Store raw evidence and project GRESB as reporting projection
Investor-driven benchmark for management performance development and sustainability evidence
Limit · Score is not canonical data or proof of technical performance; weights evolve
Official record ↗2026 Standard; future roadmap consultationWiredScore/SmartScore
Store certificate scheme version scope date evidence and expiry
External certification of digital connectivity and smart-building capability
Limit · Certification not network topology, data quality or cyber assurance
Official record ↗Current schemes require verificationISO 14001 environmental management
Connect environmental objectives evidence corrective actions and operational data
Environmental management system and continual improvement
Limit · EMS certification is not a carbon calculation or building-performance guarantee
Official record ↗2026 fourth edition
Security, privacy, and AI rules
ISO/IEC 27001 information security
Use for corporate/CDE/cloud supplier controls and audit evidence
Confidentiality integrity availability risk management and ISMS controls
Limit · Certification does not guarantee OT safety or correct implementation
Official record ↗2022 current editionNIST Cybersecurity Framework
Create current/target profiles for IT CDE BMS/OT and vendors
Govern Identify Protect Detect Respond Recover governance and risk profiles
Limit · Framework is outcome-oriented; map controls to actual implementation
Official record ↗CSF 2.0IEC 62443 industrial automation security
Use for BMS/PLC gateway segmentation and vendor responsibilities
OT zones systems components and supplier security requirements
Limit · Choose exact parts and security levels; do not claim compliance generically
Official record ↗Current series; verify part/edition for procurementISO/IEC 42001 AI management system
Create AI inventory risk classification impact assessment logs and human oversight
Organization-wide AI policies risk transparency accountability and continual improvement
Limit · Management certification is not model accuracy or fairness proof
Official record ↗2023 published; ISO 42005:2025 impact assessment adjacentNIST AI Risk Management Framework
Use for tenant screening maintenance analytics worker/camera and GenAI release gates
Voluntary trustworthy AI risk management across design/deploy/use/evaluation
Limit · Current framework revision means pin version and record mappings
Official record ↗AI RMF 1.0 (2023); revision/profile work ongoingEU Artificial Intelligence Act
Use as a high-bar reference for EU customers/data and sensitive decisions
Risk-based legal obligations for AI placed on/used in EU market
Limit · Legal applicability is fact-specific; obtain counsel and track implementing rules
Official record ↗Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 in forceBangladesh Personal Data Protection Ordinance
Minimize identity data separate marketing/tenant/visitor/CCTV and define retention/access
National privacy/data-protection obligations and rights
Limit · Legal status and implementing rules can change; do not treat summary as legal advice
Official record ↗2025 ordinance; verify amendments/current textBangladesh National Data Governance Ordinance
Use data inventory provenance classification stewardship and interoperable exports
National data governance interoperability lifecycle transparency and accountability
Limit · Confirm applicability/authority and amendments before implementation
Official record ↗2025 ordinance in official laws portalBangladesh National Digital Architecture standards
Support Unicode Bangla/English OGC GIS and practical DB/API exports
Guidance for data architecture Unicode DBMS GIS GML catalogue and KML
Limit · Public-sector requirements may not map directly to private developer; verify latest edition
Official record ↗Govt framework v2.0 published 2022
Provenance: who said what, when
W3C PROV-O/PROV-DM
Attach source document hash extraction method reviewer and supersession to every claim/measure
Interoperable model for entities activities agents and derivation of data
Limit · Provenance does not prove truth; capture evidence and validation separately
Official record ↗Recommendations